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Footnote
<sup>1</sup> <b>AHA 2021.</b> Wilson WR, et al. Prevention of Viridans Group Streptococcal Infective Endocarditis: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. <i>Circulation.</i> 2021 May 18;143(20):e963-e978. <a href=https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000969><u>Full-text article</u></a>
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<b>Dental procedures not warranting prophylaxis</b> include x-rays; anesthetic injection in noninfected tissue; placing removable prosthodontic/orthodontic appliances or orthodontic brackets; orthodontic appliance adjustment; primary teeth shedding or lip/oral mucosa traumatic bleeding.
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<sup>2</sup> <b>ESC 2023. High-risk</b> = previous IE, surgically implanted prosthetic valve, surgical valve repair w/ any material, transcatheter aortic/pulmonary valve prosthesis, VAD, CHD (untreated cyanotic, palliative shunt/conduit/prosthesis, or <6mo after complete repair), or <6mo after closure device for septal defect/left atrial appendage, vascular graft, vena cava filters, or ventriculoatrial shunt. May consider for pts w/ transcatheter mitral/tricuspid valve repair or cardiac txp.
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Delgado V, et al. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of endocarditis: Developed by the task force on the management of endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). <i>Eur Heart J.</i> Preprint. Posted online August 25, 2023.
<a href=https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/advance-article/doi/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad193/7243107><u>Full-text article</u></a>
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<sup>3</sup> <b>JCS 2017. High-risk</b> = previous IE, prosthetic valve/annular ring, CHD (unrepaired cyanotic, residual lesions at repair site w/ patch/materials, <6mo after repair w/ artificial material), or systemic-pulmonary circulation shunt.
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<b>Procedures not warranting prophylaxis</b> include:<br>
• Bronchoscopy/laryngoscopy, endotracheal intubation<br>
• Tube insertion for tympanic perforation<br>
• TEE, GI endoscopy<br>
• Urethral catheterization, cystoscopy<br>
• Central venous catheterization
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Nakatani S, et al. JCS 2017 Guideline on Prevention and Treatment of Infective Endocarditis. <i>Circ J.</i> 2019 Jul 25;83(8):1767-1809.
<a href=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/circj/83/8/83_CJ-19-0549/_pdf/-char/en><u>Full-text article</u></a>
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<sup>4</sup> <b>NICE 2016.</b> Prophylaxis against infective endocarditis: antimicrobial prophylaxis against infective endocarditis in adults and children undergoing interventional procedures. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Published March 17, 2008. Updated July 8, 2016.
<a href=https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg64><u>Accessed September 7, 2023</u></a>
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<b>Dental procedures not warranting prophylaxis</b> include x-rays; anesthetic injection in noninfected tissue; placing removable prosthodontic/orthodontic appliances or orthodontic brackets; orthodontic appliance adjustment; primary teeth shedding or lip/oral mucosa traumatic bleeding.
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<sup>2</sup> <b>ESC 2023. High-risk</b> = previous IE, surgically implanted prosthetic valve, surgical valve repair w/ any material, transcatheter aortic/pulmonary valve prosthesis, VAD, CHD (untreated cyanotic, palliative shunt/conduit/prosthesis, or <6mo after complete repair), or <6mo after closure device for septal defect/left atrial appendage, vascular graft, vena cava filters, or ventriculoatrial shunt. May consider for pts w/ transcatheter mitral/tricuspid valve repair or cardiac txp.
<br><br>
Delgado V, et al. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of endocarditis: Developed by the task force on the management of endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). <i>Eur Heart J.</i> Preprint. Posted online August 25, 2023.
<a href=https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/advance-article/doi/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad193/7243107><u>Full-text article</u></a>
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<sup>3</sup> <b>JCS 2017. High-risk</b> = previous IE, prosthetic valve/annular ring, CHD (unrepaired cyanotic, residual lesions at repair site w/ patch/materials, <6mo after repair w/ artificial material), or systemic-pulmonary circulation shunt.
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<b>Procedures not warranting prophylaxis</b> include:<br>
• Bronchoscopy/laryngoscopy, endotracheal intubation<br>
• Tube insertion for tympanic perforation<br>
• TEE, GI endoscopy<br>
• Urethral catheterization, cystoscopy<br>
• Central venous catheterization
<br><br>
Nakatani S, et al. JCS 2017 Guideline on Prevention and Treatment of Infective Endocarditis. <i>Circ J.</i> 2019 Jul 25;83(8):1767-1809.
<a href=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/circj/83/8/83_CJ-19-0549/_pdf/-char/en><u>Full-text article</u></a>
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<sup>4</sup> <b>NICE 2016.</b> Prophylaxis against infective endocarditis: antimicrobial prophylaxis against infective endocarditis in adults and children undergoing interventional procedures. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Published March 17, 2008. Updated July 8, 2016.
<a href=https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg64><u>Accessed September 7, 2023</u></a>
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Antibiotic prophylaxis isn’t recommended for procedures<sup>1</sup> other than dental/oral surgery procedures involving gingival tissue/periapical region manipulation or oral mucosal perforation, per AHA.<sup>1</sup>